Renaissance Italian Art Art And Art Of The Renaissance

Renaissance Italian Artists The Renaissance occurred in Europe between 1400 and 1600. This event began in Italy during the Medieval period and then expanded to the rest of Europe, marking the start of the Modern age. The Renaissance began in Florence Italy in the 14th century. It was a cultural movement that had an enormous impact in Europe during the early modern period. The Renaissance’s influenced politics, science, literature, art, philosophy, religion, music, and other aspects. Around the 13th century in Italy started the Renaissance’s art influence. Leonardo da Vinci, was known as the Renaissance man, because of his art masterpieces and his studies in other fields during this time. Italy wasn’t a political concept in the†¦show more content†¦After Michelangelo moved to Rome, one of the cardinals within the catholic church commissioned him to create a sculpture called ‘‘La Pieta.’’ ‘‘La Pieta’’ was sculpted from a single piece of marble stone and it was a representation of Christ and his mother Mary. This 6 foot by 6 foot sculpture only took 1 year for Michelangelo to complete it. The sculpture quickly became known for all the details that included the folding of the cloths, the ribs, and the bones which are incredibly difficult to sculpt. After returning to Rome, Michelangelo heard about a sculpture that two other artists could not complete because of its difficulty. Because of his success with ‘‘La Pieta,’’ Michelangelo decides to take over the job. He created ‘‘David’’ in 1501 and four years later the sculpture was placed outside the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence. Michelangelo’s intention was to portray ‘‘David’’as the perfect and ideal man. Michelangelo took three years to sculpt this 17 feet sculpture, and ‘‘David’’ quickly became the pride of Florence. When P ope Julius II heard about the artist’s accomplishments, he commissioned Michelangelo to create his tomb. However, Pope Julius turns his focus in funding to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica. Rome was overpassing a difficult time, and the Pope wanted to return it to its powerful roots. Michelangelo unhappy about the Pope not paying back for the stone, returned to Florence. Yet, the PopeShow MoreRelatedArt of the Italian Renaissance 1394 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the greatest stories from the Italian Renaissance is the one of Fillipo Brunelleschi and Lorenzo Ghiberti. In 1401, the directors of the art of the Santa Maria del Fiore Cathedral held a contest for artists; to create panels for a the doors on the east entrance (Kleiner, 560-2). Because the east doors faced the cathedral, the people thought it extremely prestigious to be able to participate in such a massive creation. After the first competition round, two finalists remained; BrunelleschiRead MoreArt with Scie nce: The Italian Renaissance and Art1479 Words   |  6 Pages in Butterfield 27). The Italian Renaissance is famous for its art which includes unique style of painting and sculpting, however, the Renaissance made significant remark on the use of scientific techniques which also can be considered as the influence of classical ideas. Although, classical ideas were not advanced like in the Renaissance, it provided the foundation for the Renaissance to revive it again. The Italian Renaissance transformed the manner of viewing the arts. Before, most people in ItalyRead More the arts in Italian Renaissance Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pages The Italian Renaissance was a very difficult time period in European history. The arts were flourishing, while the city-states in Italy fought bloody battles with each other and within themselves. Bribery and murder were not uncommon tools for men to use when they wanted power. Meanwhile those same rulers patronized the arts a great deal and they would commission the best artistic minds of the time to build, design and paint their palaces and churches and later on their own portraits andRead MoreInfluence Of The Italian Renaissance On Art1835 Words   |  8 PagesIt could be debated, that the impact the Italian Renaissance had on art is possibly the largest throughout European history. Italian Renaissance painting can be divided into four periods: the Proto-Renaissance (1300–1400), the Early Renaissance (1400–1475), the High Renaissance (1475–1525), and Mannerism (1525–1600.The same themes that influenced philosophy and literature, as well as architecture and theology, can also being found in art. In painting, Giotto’s Trecento that began in late 13th centuryRead MoreItalian Renaissance Humanism in Art1826 Words   |  8 PagesThe Renaissance, as defined in Merriam-Webster=s dictionary, is the transitional movement in Europe between medieval and modern times beginning in the 14th century in Italy, lasting into the 17th century, and marked by a humanistic revival of classical influence expressed in a flowering of the arts and literature and by the beginnings of modern science. Many dramatic changes occurred during this time in the fields of philosophy, literature, and art. New emphasis was placed on enjoying life and theRead MoreEarly Italian Renaissance Art Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pagesand Child’. This depiction has its roots in Early Christian art due to the iconic roles that Christ and Mary play in the Christian religion (Dunkerton 37). The ‘Madonna and Child’ has had a place in many of the early periods and traditions of art. Religious themes were able to command such a strong presence in the history of art due to their role as devotional aides in churches and other religious buildings (Dunkerton 27). Religious art was well maintained by religious orders and churches, and manyRead MoreArth 192 Italian Renaissance Art1346 Words   |  6 PagesARTH-192 Italian Renaissance Art Architecture Castello Estense Ferrara is a small city in Italy, almost comparable in size to Portland, ME. This city is known for its many buildings from the renaissance era in which at the time was ruled by the Este family. The Este family is known for building the Diamanti Palace, as well as the famous Este Castle. The Castello Estense, also known as the Este Castle is a historical building in the center of the city of Ferrara, Italy. This medieval castleRead MoreEarly Italian Renaissance Art: Florentine vs. Sienese Art2288 Words   |  10 Pagesreligion brought about an increase in the production of art. The creation of artworks became an esteemed industry, and artists gained more respect in the eyes of Italian citizens. Typically, most of the art that was produced was religious in nature, and was seen as a mechanism for visually representing faith in a more tangible manner. During this dynamic period, artistic styles began to change as well. A transition from medieval, Byzantine art to a more naturalisti c, humanistic style occurred in ItalyRead MoreRenaissance Ideals of Humanism Are Expressed in the Italian Art of the Period970 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss how Renaissance ideals of humanism are expressed in the Italian art of the period, referring to specific works and artists. During the fourteenth century Italy witnessed notable changes, which throughout the next couple of centuries extended towards northern Europe. This was later described as the Renaissance, the cultural achievements through sixteenth centuries; those achievements rest on the economic and political developments of earlier centuries. (Western Society, 413) This wasRead MoreArt Analysis: Renaissance Period vs. Italian Baroque1461 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Comparing and Contrasting Two Work of Art Introduction: It is always interesting to know how a singular topic can be treated so differently by two different artists. There is not only the more obvious difference of the techniques that have been employed, but there is also the difference in the way they perceive the topic. There is also the era and the region and influence of their background which has a direct impact on the work of Art that they produce. In this paper, we will try to develop

To Diet or Not to Diet Free Essays

When we hear the word dieting, we immediately think of losing weight, counting calories, avoiding fast food and other stereotype characteristics. But dieting is a word that enfolds a larger group of people, than only the ones that want to lose weight. The definition says a diet is a special course of food to which a person is restricted, either for weight control or for medical reasons. We will write a custom essay sample on To Diet or Not to Diet or any similar topic only for you Order Now For whatever reason a diet is followed, when can we conclude it is or isn’t recommended to follow a diet? Only a small group of people are restricted to following a diet. Also consider reading: Role of Chemistry in Domestic Activities Project It’s not the people we think of first, the ones who need to lose weight, but it’s the ones who need it for medical reasons or elite sports incentives. For all rest, people like you and me, it is rather a question if we really need a diet with restrictive prescriptions. Why not just learn how to maintain healthy habits and live by them like a so called easy lifetime diet? Dieting requires behavioral changes that are not easy to adopt or maintain in the long run. A dieting plan with a balanced intake of foods may reduce your risks for chronic diseases. On the other hand, if you do not plan carefully, dieting may increase your risk of nutritional deficiencies. It is recommended to consult your doctor before embarking upon any diet plan. When a diet is for medical reasons, the medical benefits are determinative for executing the diet. But what about personal reasons? The biggest benefit of dieting is that you can lose weight, especially when you also engage in physical activity. There’s a large amount of possible diet programs on the market. These diet plans may be effective in helping you lose weight in the short-term and lose even more weight in the long-term when you increase your adherence to the diet. But why engage in a prescriptive way of eating, if you can do it easily with just eating healthy and make that your way of living without over-thinking what and when you should eat? Having healthy food habits without being in some calorie-counting diet, can improve your physical health, particularly when you consume a balanced diet of foods, allowing you to obtain adequate amounts of essential nutrients. A healthy diet plan emphasizes whole foods, such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, whole grains, beans, fat-free or low-fat dairy products, eggs, fish, poultry and lean meat; it also minimizes sodium, added sugars, cholesterol, saturated fats and trans fats. Weight loss from maintaining healthy eat habits is associated with reduced risks of chronic conditions and diseases that include obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and cancer. It may also enhance your mental health and improve your self-esteem. And it works in the long term as it becomes your daily routine and at some point, you don’t even think about it anymore. The hard part about whether a diet or just eating healthy, is changing your eating behavior. At first, you may feel excited about the prospect of looking thinner and may adhere to the plan wholeheartedly. Over time, though, you may be tempted to eat the high-calorie foods you were used to eating before the diet. You may simply find the diet plan too restrictive to adhere to every day. Low rates of weight loss success are due to inability to adhere to dieting strategies in the long-term and that sustained adherence to reducing calories and increasing exercise is effective for establishing self-set dieting goals. That’s why a diet should be avoided. You might not have spectacular results in the short run, but in the long run you don’t find yourself struggling with just living the healthy life. Not only the fact you have to live by prescriptions, dieting may also cause medical problems. It can increase your risk of gallstones as rapid weight loss can result in a high probability of gallstone formation; they can occur even when prevention strategies are implemented. So called crash diets, is when energy intake is restricted by very low intake of energy, mostly by cutting down carbohydrates and fats, to lose weight quickly. The weight loss will occur, but other causes are the jojo effect (these diets can’t be maintained for a large period and as the body went into sleep mode with mostly loss of water, it tends to put on more weight after the diet), shortening in required nutrients, lack of energy and sleeping disorders. Automatically less bodily activity is done, what causes the breakdown of muscle tissue. In the long term, these diets only work against the goal of losing weight. Diets with smaller or no energy intake restriction and only a restriction of carbohydrates, cause a great weight loss as well but aren’t without danger either. Examples are the Atkins and South Beach diet. These diets contain a lot of saturated fat, what can lead to cardiovascular diseases. Because of the longer term, shortening of certain essential nutrients can occur. Dieting requires behavioral changes that are not easy to adopt or maintain in the long run. A dieting plan with a balanced intake of foods may reduce your risks for chronic diseases. On the other hand, if you do not plan carefully, dieting may increase your risk of nutritional deficiencies. It is recommended to consult your doctor before embarking upon any diet plan. As it might feel like a diet at start, weight control and other physical appearance incentives come automatically by just eating healthy, having enough sleep and performing regularly in physical activity. It is about changing behavior and approach your goal judiciously – not jumping into some diet that offers you a quick solution for your primary goal, along with secondary consequences that may harm you more in the long run. Sources My education as a bachelor in nutrition and dietetics. http://webmd. com http://www. oxforddictionaries. com http//www. livestrong. com How to cite To Diet or Not to Diet, Essay examples

A Story of Personal Conquest During the Civil War Essay Example For Students

A Story of Personal Conquest During the Civil War Essay This is a historical drama set in a small town in South Carolina during the American civil war of 1861- 1865 (Gallagher 13). It takes place in the entire during the entire span of the war, extending to one year after the end of the war- during the reconstruction of the southern economy and infrastructure destroyed by the war. The film targets all American of all ages and age, and especially those who have never experienced the effects of a civil war, and have never been in the fronts of a war. I believe that the film will create awareness to the American populate on the effect civil wars that are rampant in various parts of the world. It will also make all Americans appreciated the peaceful co-existence we have today, and appreciated the efforts of those who sacrificed to ensure that the future generations of America will always live in peace. Much as the civil war involved modern organized warfare, it was also a story of personal conquest for the rich southern slave owners who had to let the slaves go. Characters and Characterization We will write a custom essay on A Story of Personal Conquest During the Civil War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now 1. Jason Smithson -He is a tall rugged white young man of about 30 years, born in South Carolina but educated in laws in the north, and so speaks him English with a distinctive northern accent -He is good hearted, compassionate and friendly, and the most likable Smithson. -He falls in love with a black slave girl who works in his fathers farm, and so when the war comes, he has to make a choice between protecting his familys interest in slavery, fight against it, or marry Mary Peseta- to the disapproval of his uncle. -He faces dilemma of supporting the emancipation proclamation and succeeding as a cotton farmer once he takes over his fathers farm. -His northern education and his love for made him revolt on the idea of slavery at first, though his uncle convinces him of the need to own slaves, he joins the southern forces by reconsidered him decision when a black slave engages him in a conversation as they march towards Maryland. He decides to support Lincolns Emancipation proclamation and goes against his kin. He later marries Mary after the war. 2. Jake K. Smithson Jasons uncle. A rich slave owner who is short and snobbish, mean and is always yelling orders and cracking his horse skin whip to the slaves in his cotton fields. -He is the proprietor of Jasons cotton farm until he is through with college. Hates Jason and cannot understand his desire to marry a black girl. He convinces Jason to join the southern forces. He is later convinced by Jason on the need to support the release of slaves. -He dies immediately after the war. 3. Mary Peseta -She is a skinny black slave girl working on Smithson farms. She has scars all over her body from the whipping by Jasons Uncle. She is courageous enough to confess her love for Jason knowing that Jasons uncle will hurt her. -She marries Jason after the end of the war, and helps Jason to run his farm. 4. Peter Patrick -He is a scar faced black slave who meets Jasons on the battalion towards Maryland. He is bitter about his familys predicaments, and the fact that he was forced to join the secession forces to keep his family safe. Forces Jason to lead a revolt among the solders in his battalion and adopt the emancipation proclamation. He gets injured during the war. Jasons adopts him and his kin as a part of his family after the war. He assists Jason to manage the farm. .u9e2dd9cd9bd455d82f037f88ca38c4dc , .u9e2dd9cd9bd455d82f037f88ca38c4dc .postImageUrl , .u9e2dd9cd9bd455d82f037f88ca38c4dc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9e2dd9cd9bd455d82f037f88ca38c4dc , .u9e2dd9cd9bd455d82f037f88ca38c4dc:hover , .u9e2dd9cd9bd455d82f037f88ca38c4dc:visited , .u9e2dd9cd9bd455d82f037f88ca38c4dc:active { border:0!important; } .u9e2dd9cd9bd455d82f037f88ca38c4dc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9e2dd9cd9bd455d82f037f88ca38c4dc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9e2dd9cd9bd455d82f037f88ca38c4dc:active , .u9e2dd9cd9bd455d82f037f88ca38c4dc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9e2dd9cd9bd455d82f037f88ca38c4dc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9e2dd9cd9bd455d82f037f88ca38c4dc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9e2dd9cd9bd455d82f037f88ca38c4dc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9e2dd9cd9bd455d82f037f88ca38c4dc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9e2dd9cd9bd455d82f037f88ca38c4dc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9e2dd9cd9bd455d82f037f88ca38c4dc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9e2dd9cd9bd455d82f037f88ca38c4dc .u9e2dd9cd9bd455d82f037f88ca38c4dc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9e2dd9cd9bd455d82f037f88ca38c4dc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Short Stor EssaySynopsis of the Acts Act One: This act is set in Smithson cotton farm in South Carolina. Jake K Smithson is seen riding his horse across the cotton fields, yelling orders and expletives to groups of slaves picking cotton in the hot sun. He whips the slaves, especially those who seem to be slower than the others. Jake is then seeing explaining to Jason why he should attend school in one of the northern states. He also cautions Jason on the consequences of his affair with a black woman, of which Jason states clearly that he loved her. Jason leaves South Carolina to pursue law. He returns after three years, in February 1861. He finds out that his uncle has been mistreating Mary and quarrels him. On April 12, 1861, the seven southern states declare their secession to form the Confederacy States of America (McPherson 36). His uncle explains and convinces him why he should join the secessionist forces and protect the interests of his family and him farm. Jason offers his services to the southern forces and joins the battalion that should engage the Union forces in Maryland. This scene ends with Jason kissing riding towards the battalions meeting point, while Mary looks on and cries. Act Two: Jason is seen in his shooting drills in a training camp for the battalion. With him is Peter, a slave who has been forced to join the force. Peter explains to Jason on the evils of slavery, explaining how his family has been tortured in the slavery. He recounts how he was made to join the forces to ensure his family is not killed by their owner. Jason is disturbed by peters claims, and is seen in a flash recounting the good times he had spent with Mary, and how he has betrayed his Christian education in the north Act Three: Jason leads a revolt in his battalion where Peter is injured in a friendly fire between the separationist groups. They both join the group that heeds to the Emancipation Proclamation signed by President Lincoln on January 1, 1863. The group joins the Union forces and barricades the south economy. Eventually the southern forces are defeated when Robert Lee to Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865 (Hagerman 267). The rebuilding of the economy begins and Jason and Peter head to South Carolina. Jake dies almost immediately after the war and Jason takes over the proprietary duties of the farm. He marries Mary, and adopts Peter and his family. He employs the former slaves to work on his farm, and betters their conditions through pay and better housing. He also appoints Peter to help him run the farm. The film ends during an evening party in Jasons main farm houses as they all celebrate Marys first child. Bibliography: Works Cited Gallagher, Gary E. The American Civil War. Oxford: Osprey Publishers, 2003. Print. Hagerman, Edward. The American Civil War and the Origins of Modern Warfare: Ideas, Organization, and Field Command. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University. Press, 1992. Print. McPherson, James M. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

The effect of temperature on the permeability of beetroot cells Essay Example

The effect of temperature on the permeability of beetroot cells Essay Although an apparent trend is illustrated by the experimental data plotted, I am reluctant to formulate a valid conclusion on the effect of temperature on the permeability of beetroot cells due to the variability of the results obtained.  Although five repeats were performed, the data collected is not reliable because of variation within the sets of results. This could have been due to various limitations of the experiment. At 30oC for example, the reading for absorbance of light in arbitrary units, was 0.12%. When compared to the results collected from other repeats at this temperature, this appears to be an unusually high value. Further examples of possible anomalous data were 0.03% at a heat treatment of 40oC together with 0.06% at 50oC. If these anomalous results were not included in the mean absorbance plotted, this could have had a significant effect on the overall conclusion. For example, had the reading at 40oC not been included in the mean, the reading plotted at this temperature of heat treatment may not have been lower than the mean result plotted at 30oC, as is shown on the graph by a slight dip. We will write a custom essay sample on The effect of temperature on the permeability of beetroot cells specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The effect of temperature on the permeability of beetroot cells specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The effect of temperature on the permeability of beetroot cells specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The size of the range bars causes one to question the reliability of the experimental data. These are especially large at higher temperatures of heat treatment (i.e. 70oC) where the gradient is steepening. At the lower temperatures of 30oC and 40oC, the range bars are overlapping. This means that one cannot be sure whether absorbance of light by the solution at 40oC does indeed decrease when compared to the previous reading. The range bars can be seen to overlap for the remaining temperatures of heat treatment, which means that it is hard to say within the error of the apparatus, what the exact value is. I am reluctant to draw a valid conclusion from the experimental data due to the significantly large percentage range at each temperature of heat treatment. At 60oC for example, the percentage range of the data from each repeat is approximately 300%. The limitations of the experiment lead one to question the precision of the experimental data and the conclusions drawn from them. A mechanised cutter was used to produce pieces of beetroot with the same cross sectional area. It was made certain that we cut downwards so that the bores did not converge. However the beetroot samples were not all of the same length. This could result in the beetroot discs having different surface areas and so causing different volumes of anthocyanin to leak out into the surrounding medium at each repeat of every temperature. This source of inaccuracy would have contributed to the variation and unreliability of the results and could be avoided through a technical improvement in the experimental design. When the discs were impaled on to a mounted needle, a small volume of dye leaked out from the damaged cells. This could not be measured and could have been potential dye lost into the medium, thus affecting the majority of readings for the absorbance of light. To overcome this source of unreliability, the beetroot discs could have undergone heat treatment in a fully permeable bag.  The reliability of the results can be questioned because no accurate method for shaking the solutions before they were poured into cuvettes was employed. The resulting intensities of the solutions could therefore have been incorrect. To avoid this source of inaccuracy a mechanical technique could be used to shake the solutions. The scales of the apparatus employed influenced the results obtained. For both 70oC and 80oC a reading of 2.00% was recorded. This was not the actual absorbance of light by the solutions at these temperatures because the scales of the colorimeters did not exceed 2.00. As a result the mean value plotted was inaccurate, thus any conclusions drawn from the data are unreliable. The experiment should therefore be re-planned using either fewer disks, reducing the time periods the samples of beetroot were left in water for or alternatively leaving the discs in increased volumes of water for 20 minutes. The scale of the colorimeter was only accurate to 0.01%. This may have affected the results at 30oC and 40oC, where there was a 0.01 difference. To overcome this source of imprecision and therefore unreliability the scale of the colorimeter used could be altered to give a reading correct to three decimal place. Although it is not certain whether using different colorimeters would have had any affect on the readings obtained, to ensure precision of the experimental data, the same colorimeter should be used to measure the absorbance of light by the solutions. Although a graduated pipette with 0.1cm3 markings was used to measure 6cm3 of cold tap water, to ensure high precision of the experimental data, apparatus with finer divisions could be used. This would allow a valid conclusion to be drawn from more accurate results.  In order to improve the precision of the experimental data, a digital stop clock could be used. The usage of a manual stop clock meant that there were slight variations in the incubation and staggered timings, and even slight variations in timing would introduce a high percentage area. A one-minute delay in removing the disks from the test tube following heat treatment for example would result in an error of 5%.  Further improvements that would provide considerable additional evidence for the conclusion would be to investigate an increased number of temperatures including a wider range between 50oC and 60oC, as an increased number of intervals would show exactly where the phospholipid bilayer of beetroot melts.

Free Essays on Why Winston Is A Critical Thinker

he wrote in his small diary, a diary which could get Winston in lots of trouble with the Thought Police. But to Winston expressing ... Free Essays on Why Winston Is A Critical Thinker Free Essays on Why Winston Is A Critical Thinker Being a critical thinker isn’t easy. It’s a skill that has to be acquired over time and practice. Being a critical thinker means that you don’t only look at the facts but you look at an idea from every possible angle, while formulating your own thoughts and meanings. The character of Winston from George Orwell’s 1984 is a perfect example of a critical thinker. Winston is able to think critically about Big Brother, because he is able to formulate his own ideas on what is right and wrong about the parties’ policies. Winston’s ideas formulated through thinking critically cause him to revolt against the parties’ suppression of sex, truth and free deliberation. Although Winston’s actions lead to his torture, it is safe to say that his critical thinking brings him real life because he is able to think outside the bubble and become an individual. Orwell in relation to Winston was also a critical thinker. In fact, Orwell used the cha racter of Winston to express his own critical views on government, and to influence his audience to become critical thinkers At the start of 1984, the reader learns that Winston the protagonist is living in a harsh and oppressive world, a world were everyone has been brain-washed to think as Big Brother wants them to think, and not as individuals. From the start of the book Winston shows that he doesn’t conform to how the government wants him to act. He is a critical thinker because he doesn’t think like everyone else. All the other citizens just accept that there are telescreens spitting out propaganda and watching their every move, or that Big Brother controls and monitors all actions of their lives. Winston doesn’t conform his ideas like Big Brother wants him to, instead Winston thinks of rebellion and freedom. â€Å"Down with Big Brother,† were the words he wrote in his small diary, a diary which could get Winston in lots of trouble with the Thought Police. But to Winston expressing ...

Hesss Law Definition - Chemistry Glossary

Hesss Law Definition - Chemistry Glossary Hesss law states that the energy change in an overall chemical reaction is equal to the sum of the energy changes in the individual reactions comprising it. In other words, the enthalpy change of a chemical reaction (the heat of reaction at constant pressure) does not depend on the pathway between the initial and final states. The law is a variation of the first law of thermodynamics and conservation of energy. Importance of Hesss Law Because Hesss law holds true, its possible to break a chemical reaction into multiple steps and use the standard enthalpies of formation to find the overall energy of a chemical reaction. Standard enthalpy tables are compiled from empirical data, usually acquired using calorimetry. Using these tables, its possible to calculate whether or not a more complex reaction is thermodynamically favorable or not. Applications of Hesss Law In addition to calculating the enthalpy of a reaction rather than directly measuring it, Hesss law is used to: Find electron affinities based on theoretical lattice energy.Calculate heat change of phase transitions.Calculate heat change when a substance changes allotropes.Find the heat of formation of an unstable intermediate in a reaction.Find the lattice energy of ionic compounds. Sources Chakrabarty, D.K. (2001). An Introduction to Physical Chemistry. Mumbai: Alpha Science. pp. 34–37. ISBN 1-84265-059-9.Leicester, Henry M. (1951). Germain Henri Hess and the Foundations of Thermochemistry. The Journal of Chemical Education. 28 (11): 581–583. doi:10.1021/ed028p581

MPH522 - Public Health Law and Policy, Mod 3 SLP Essay

MPH522 - Public Health Law and Policy, Mod 3 SLP - Essay Example markets to combat waste, fraud, and abuse in health insurance and health care delivery, to promote the use of medical savings accounts, to improve the access to long-term care services and coverage, and to simplify the administration of health insurance (hhs.gov, 2010). This Act is important because prior to this any insurance company could enforce a waiting period when you got insurance through work for what is called a "previous existing condition". This would put many people essentially without insurance for long periods of time, many times up to 18 months. This act forced insurance companies to do away with pre-existing condition rules when the employee moved from one job to another and either was insured or had Cobra, in other words were continuously insured. This one Act allowed many Americans to remain insured even though they changed jobs (hhs.gov, 2010). Another important aspect of this Act is the fact that it made it possible to have medical savings accounts. These accounts allow the average person to have pre-tax money removed from their paychecks and put into a savings account for use on co-pays and non-covered treatments or visits. This prevents the average insurance holder from having huge medical bills add up that they cannot pay. It also helps pay medication bills in the case of those people who do not have separate medication plans. On the State side, there is the radon laws. This is used in many states but not all. It is section 10-220 and falls under the duties of the board of education. It comes from the Environmental Protection Agency and it allows that all schools must test for Radon at least once a year. However, there is also included in this the fact that heating, ventilation and air conditions systems must be checked, the radon levels in water and air, potential for exposure to microbiological airborne particles, including fungi, mold and bacteria. chemical compounds of concern to indoor air quality, volatile organic compounds,

Arnott's biscuit Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Arnott's biscuit Australia - Essay Example to a market analysis for South Africa and suggest a suitable expansion strategy for Arnott’s biscuits as it moves into the market, based on their operation al strategy and strengths. The proposed expansion should roll out in several stages; the first of these could be establishment of packaging and distribution facilities in the region with the original products exported to South Arica from company bakeries in Australia. This will allow them to continue with minimal risk of jeopardizing the quality or essence of their product while forming connections with the local industry and community and capturing a suitable market base before the product can be manufactured directly from sources in the region. Arnott’s is known for its strict policies on the standard of raw material they use and their efficient modern production facilities. For the first stage they will require physical assets in form of packaging and storage facilities; distribution and transport vehicles and a labor force which can be comprised mainly of unskilled workers. A well developed infrastructure would be one of their requirements to be provided by the governing and civil bodies. Otherwise Arnotts will not need any special resources (equipment or raw material) to start their expansion process in South Africa. In order to be fully aware of the any challenges or opportunities they will find during the implementation of the expansion strategy, organizations have to do in depth analysis of the region or country they are considering as a viable option. PESTL analysis is a macroeconomic tool which helps organizations in making strategic management decisions; these decisions should be made after considering the internal factors which are in play for the organization. A PESTL analysis and SWOT analysis of the organization are presented in the paper to show the feasibility of the expansion strategy for Arnott’s biscuits. South Africa is a multiparty parliamentary democracy in which constitutional

Psychology and Perspectives Essay Example for Free

Psychology and Perspectives Essay Human beings are given the unique capacity to view things not just the way they are but also on the pre-programmed processes we use in describing a situation. These perspectives can come from many different external influences and by internal factors involving our personal and historical development. On these reason we can employ psychology to study why and how we view things and how these factors influence our perspectives. There are many psychological perspectives presented in the field to distinguish our differences from other people. However, though we have been guided by these explanations on how we react mentally and physically over a situation, these perspectives, though they are limited, complement each other to form a unified explanation on our views. Their questions present different answers which can describe the paradigms of human existence and process, based on the different aspects of their functions and influences. This paper will discuss several psychological perspectives and their relationship to our daily routine of looking at things differently from others. View point and summaries of related topics will be discussed applied with the neuroscience, evolutionary, psychodynamic, behavioral, behavior genetics and cognitive perspectives. These perspectives are best to explain the differences people have on viewing a situation. Neuroscience Perspective First, the neuroscience perspective looks at the internal viewing functions of a person. This involves the processes of the brain in conceiving a situation and the underlying influences that affect a persons behavior. It describes how the body and mind control our emotions, memories, and sensory processes to react on a given situation. In The Girl with a Boys Brain by Carlin Flora, neuroscience perspective is used in determining a persons tendencies and irregularities by identifying brain processes and disorders.   Kiriana Cowansage has had obsessions and successes in many areas of her life. However, though her brain is above the average intellectual norm, she often gets lost in her own neighborhood. She is then diagnosed to have Aspergers Syndrome, a mental disorder highly functional in the autism family. This condition is found usually on boys due to their innate tendency to systematize. Kiriana is said to be weak in relating with other people and in situations she is in. Often times she gets confused by unfamiliar events and get lost helplessly in it due to her faulty sensory processing systems. Kirianas behaviors are apparently affected by her condition and needs attention on how inner processes to solve her problem. This inner view to explain a persons behavior and practices is described in neuroscience perspectives. Evolutionary perspective Evolutionary perspective relates our ancestral environment to be affective of our behaviors at present. The historical development of people and their retained and their passed characteristics are considered to be factors that affect their emotions and tendencies. Evolutionary psychology taps on the affective structures of human ancestral environments on the establishment of emotions, personalities, cognitive processes, and mental disorders (Nesse, p6). In a Psyched for Success article publsihed in October 2003, evolutionary perspective is used in describing the causes and implications of depression. There they raised the question of whether depression is simply a disorder or a sign of emotional fatigue. The article states that, in centuries past, aspects of human life have been internalized and passed through generations to our present life. These aspects of the past are still being used but are insufficient or inappropriate because of our more complicated present. Depression is said to signal this mismatch between our old ways and our new situations (2003). Since life today are relatively harder, people cannot cope completely with new and unfamiliar events presented to them thus causes stress and signals a people to step back and reassess the situation and their reaction. Psychodynamic perspective Psychodynamic perspective asserts that inner conflicts of the past affect a persons behaviors and emotions at the present. It is based primarily on Freuds concept of the unconscious where all repressed feelings are stored and affect our views unnoticeably. People who have abusive and violent experiences in the past are more likely to have repressed emotions stored in their unconcious and these defines who they are in the present. The article In the Name of Love describes adult relationships to be greatly affected by peoples relationships during childhood. Johnson and Maranos report relates the attachment theory of infancy, the characteristic of a child to rely and depend on an immediate relative, a mother usually. This attachment is then carried as children grow old and establish their own relationships with other people (Johnson and Marano, 1994). Partners rely on each others affection and availability. When people are in fear or anxiety, they will certainly ask for support from their partners. Children and adult relationships are underlined by the common need of a person for attachment and security. Behavioral perspective Most of the time there are environmental stimuli that automatically or force us to make a reaction. Behavioral perspective describes this immediate factors as affective to ones behavior. Psychotherapy utilizes this perspective to describe a persons behavior through various stimulus and on many occasions it is used to erase or establish a behavior in a person. In an article by Tim Bower and Robert Epstein, behavioral perspective can detect psychological disorders on patients and consequently affect a therapists own personality. Due to the reinforced and repeated exposure to the cases and situations of patients they treat, therapist have a tendency to absorb behaviors and manifest it in their own lives. In a certain instance, psychologists who experienced having a patient suicide felt guilt and self-incrimination which could lead to other unprofessional behaviors. Also, the distress caused by their patients faulty disclosures have affected their lives with their own families the same with how their family relationships affect their professional responsibilities. Also, mental health workers are at greater risk of substance abuse due to their treatment of patients with the same behavior (Epstain and Bower, 1997). Genetic behavior perspective The genetic behavior perspective relates to the innate causes of behaviors. The hereditary influences that people often are affected in their responses to stimuli are regarded with much research and attention to prove. The concept of being born and not made can be found on this perspective as what the article Bruce Avolio explained. In Are Leaders Born or Made?, he stated that genetic codes also contain behavioral preferences and tools for people be what they are â€Å"meant† to be. Leaders are equipped with high energy, desire to affect others, determination and intelligence. Scientist have spent time and effort in proving that these qualities are innate and   are gifts to chosen individuals tasked become leaders. However, these characteristics are later found with the possibility of being learned and instilled to us by our parents at the early stages of life (Avolio, 1999). Also, in the article, My Genes Made Me Do It, Peele and DeGrandpre genetic codes programmed with certain behaviors are being used as excuse for tolerating certain actions (Peele and DeGrandpre , 1995). Often times, people are fooled with wrong theories on genetic behaviors and on this note researchers are focused on specific areas of life which can really be passed genetically. Also, if our personality is already determined during the early stages of conceiving, people tend to withdraw efforts on changing their behaviors. This perception is considered to have monumental consequences on how we view ourselves and on personal development. These psychological perspectives – neuroscience, evolutionary, genetic behavior, behavioral, and psychodynamic – are established to have various views on how human beings behave and relate to others. Though these perspectives raises differing questions and answers, they all relate a persons process and structure for behavior. The study on these perspectives not only open various doors for psychological exploration but also give different means on how to describe personalities and offer treatments on the disorders which haunt people over the course of their life by identifying the internal and external etiologies of their abnormalities. Also, these only prove that wherever human perspectives are present, psychological approaches can be utilized to determine the wide range of causes and influences of these views.

Mad Cowboy Essay -- social issues

Mad Cowboy â€Å"Even if animal testing produced the cure for Aids, we’d be against it† This rhetoric notion was stated by PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) and summarizes the fanatical doctrine animal rights activists preach to their followings. These activists preach a doctrine of hate calling for the end of all meat eating, wearing of fur, use of animals in experiments regardless if they are beneficial or not, and even push for the end of all pets as we know of it. Howard Lyman author of â€Å"Mad Cowboy† has not only aligns himself with this rambunctious group of man haters, but supports their nazi like doctrine in his book. On further review of mad cowboy one must dig deep to find any useful knowledge, and when you do find it, one sees that the knowledge has been twisted to fit Lyman’s own agenda. Long dead are the days when knowledge was first gathered then conclusions derived, now statistics and data is twisted and molded to grant validity to ones own agenda. I will first show the lack of validity and soundness to Howard’s claim that A) a vegan lifestyle is a healthier choice and B) his claim that one must switch to that lifestyle to enjoy these said benefits. To the claim made in A, Howard uses his own health problems he endured on his meat diet, and uses it as a constant variable comparing it to his now relative healthy lifestyle as a vegan. On first glance anyone who eats a calorie-laden, unbalanced diet and ends up weighing 300 pounds, as Lyman himself admitted, will have health problems regardless of his orientation to meat or vegetables. With this said his comparing analogy is inertly flawed and must be disregarded from the argument he presents. On march 8 before the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, Mary K Young, MS.,R.D,NCBA Director of Nutrition Research and Information, presented the benefits of eating meat. Using Data from the 1995 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSI) she confirms that red mea t enhances one overall diet quality. Young goes on to point out that red meat is the number one source for protein, B12, and zinc, number 2 source for B6 and third greatest source for iron, niacin and potassium. She also pointed out that red meat alone has the greatest concentrates of iron and zinc together. Also included cited in Young’s report was the research recently published in the Journal of the American... ...tempt to diffuse violence. To even state that mans use of animals is immoral, and to claim that we have no right over our lives and must sacrifice our welfare for the sake of beings that cannot even think or grasp the concept of morality is ridicules. We would be elevating amoral animals to a moral level that is higher than our own, thus granting animals rights is not only fictional but wrong. In the words of Mat Block â€Å"Cows or cats would eat us to if they had a chance. Do not mistake a cats respect for one that is dominate for love, they are killers plain and simple and if you do not believe me ask their friends the birds† In conclusion one can see that their convictions closes their eyes to the facts present. I find a little humor that the first nation to grant animals rights was Nazi Germany, showing that animal right activist and Nazis have more in common than their fanatical approach to their ideals. The problem with Lyman and all the rest is their lack of empathy for others approach. There are numerous animal groups who respect others opinions and are not radical at all. But when you state that there is only one way in life and that way is your own, you have a problem.

Emotional and practical difficulties Essay

â€Å"Approximately 240,000 children every year find themselves experiencing the emotional and practical difficulties arising from their parents separating or divorcing. † (NACCC 2001). In most cases parents can be responsible, put their own feelings aside and do what is best by their children by mutually agreeing on contact without the use of solicitors and the courts etc. Unfortunately however there are many cases where this does not occur. Usually this happens through lack of trust and communication, which develops because of many different reasons e. g.  one partner having an affair. As a result of this many children lose contact with close attachment figures and many members of their extended family. If children are denied contact with their non-residential parent they may start to feel rejected or abandoned, blame themselves for what has happened, feel increasingly insecure and may even become withdrawn and in some cases depressed. Research by the NACCC has indicated that children who experience this situation may start to take unnecessary risks or even harm themselves through feelings such as ‘I just don’t care anymore’. In many cases children have become rebellious and in some cases to the extent of anti-social behaviour within their communities and in school or wherever they can receive the most attention. Most disturbingly however many researchers state that the denial of contact can lead to a child experiencing difficulties in establishing happy and lasting relationships in adulthood and thus the cycle continues. â€Å"A Child Contact Centre is a meeting place where children of separated families can enjoy contact with one or both parents, and sometimes other family members, in a comfortable and safe environment when there is no viable alternative. † (NACCC 2001). Child Contact Centres can ensure that children involved in parental disputes can not only enjoy contact with a non-residential parent (s) and/or other family members but:There are currently 280 Child Contact Centres throughout England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Here in N. I. there are four Centres. Three of these are in Belfast and Cookstown hosts the fourth. Knock Child Contact Centre on the Kings Road in East Belfast is taken as the example. It is staffed by approximately 40 volunteers who are trained in rigorous child protection, domestic violence and conflict, confidentiality approaches and other relevant areas. The centre is organised and co-ordinated by a senior social worker. It is overseen by a management committee and is now an independent charity. During the year 1 June 2002 to 31 May 2003, 74 families used the Knock Child Contact Centre. This involved 102 children and provided 784 family contact visits or 1043 individual children’s visits. There were also 56 visits where children came but the contact adult did not attend and 80 visits where the contact adult attended but the children were not brought. These situations can be very disappointing and distressing for both children and adults. Seventy per cent of the children attending the Centre in 2002/2003 were in the 0-5 years age range (71 children), 26% were between 6 and 10 years of age (27 children) and 4% were 11 years of age and older (4 children). While the majority of contact adults are fathers, in the past year, the number of mothers coming for contact with their children has risen from 11% to 19% (14 mothers). In 10 families the resident adult was the father, in one the grandparents, one was an aunt and in two families the children were in foster care. The remaining resident adults were mothers. Most of the families using the Knock Child Contact Centre have been involved in the legal system. Sixty-three families (85%) had contact orders when they were referred to the Centre and others obtained orders during the time they were using the Centre. In 22 cases (30%) there were non molestation orders, with allegations of domestic violence in a further 16 families. The Knock Child Contact Centre is open on Saturdays from 10. 00 am till 12 noon. Between 10 and 15 families attend and there are usually 8 volunteers plus the Coordinator present. Throughout the year the Centre continued to open on Wednesdays from 2.30 to 4. 30 pm. From the middle of June 2003, this has been extended to 3. 00 – 7. 00 pm to enable older children to attend after school and also to make midweek contact available to parents who are working. Four volunteers plus the Coordinator are present on Wednesdays. Throughout the first few visits families arrive where adults are apprehensive, often hurt and angry, and children are upset and confused. Over a period of time, in most cases, tensions lessen between parents and trust and confidence begin to build again to the extent that families can move on and make their own arrangements in the community. Ideally, the Child Contact Centre is a stepping stone which provides a neutral, relaxed setting for children to build or rebuild relationships with a parent or other relative with great practical and emotional support. It is not a â€Å"normal† situation or a long-term solution. â€Å"Attachment theory supplies us with an understanding of the abiding need for secure attachments, the profound significance of separation and loss and the lifelong importance of our relationship with others. † (Fox, I. Website 1).

Implications for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Special Education Teacher Preparation in Classroom Management: Implications for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Foundations of Exceptionality (EDUC 521)Special Education Teacher Preparation in Classroom Management:Implications for Students with Emotional and Behavioral DisordersClassroom management and organization plays a vital role in the learning process for all students, and especially in students having EBD. The research conducted in the article, Special Education Teacher Preparation in Classroom Management: Implications for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, by Regina Oliver and Daniel Reschly, examines the question â€Å"Do academic courses and training prepare special education teachers to know how to cope with the needs of EBD children in the classroom?† Special education teachers need the skills to manage the classroom effectively; lacking this knowledge can lead to students spending too much time outside the classroom and the learning process.To examine the academics in teacher preparation programs a study was conducted using syllabi from these programs employing information from a larger assessment of higher education institutions; only classroom management categories were evaluated. In measuring this data the Innovation Configuration (IC) chart was utilized; IC’s are the usual form of quantifying assessment (Oliver & Reschly, 2010).The results indicate that many institutions of higher learning were lacking in areas of curriculum preparing special education teachers to work with EBD students and their behaviors in the classroom. Areas established to be lacking were: active supervision and student engagement, classroom routines, structured environment, and school wide behavioral expectations. In the syllabi from the institutions many of the elements listed were not included and 42% did not include teaching how to set up classroom rules; a well planned set of rules and expectations in the classroom is a pr eventive  approach to discipline (2010).One can see that there could be a correlation between teacher preparation curriculum and EBD student’s behaviors and the learning process; further studies are needed to ascertain a connection. Students and teachers would greatly gain from such studies, because it could warrant a change in curriculum and training.

Advantage of Internet Essays

Advantage of Internet Essays Advantage of Internet Paper Advantage of Internet Paper 1 Organic Chemistry 261(270, 271) Midterm-I Examination September 29, 2008 Name (print) ID No. Time: 50 minutes Total number of pages: 6 Answer all questions in the space provided. Question I. (15. 0) II. (14. 0) III. (14. 0) IV. (15. 0) V. (10. 0) Total (68. 0) Percentage Mark GOOD LUCK 2 (9. 0) 1. a) Write a Lewis structure for each of the following compounds showing any unshared electron pairs. b) Calculate the formal charge on each atom other than hydrogen. Be sure to show your calculations. a) CH3OH2 EC(c) = 1/2(8) = 4 FC(c) = 4- 4 = 0 H H H C O H H EC (O) = 1/2 (6) + 2 = 5 FC (O) = 6-5 = +1 b) (CH3)3CO H C H H H C C O HH C H c) (CH3)2O-BF3 H HH C F H H C O B F H F (6. 0) 2. H H Formal charge calculations for (b, c) as of part (a) Which resonance form in the following pairs would contribute more to the Hybrid (more stable)? Explain the reason for your choice. a) CH3CH CH CH OH CH3CH CH CH OH Carbon of the other structure do not meet the octet rule O CH3 More stable because of more covalent bonds O c) CH2 C CH3 CH2 O C CH3 Negative charge resides on more electronegative atom. O C NH2 b) CH3 C NH2 3 (8. ) II a) Write a dash formula for each of the following compounds showing any unshared electron pairs. b) predict the hybridization of the indicated atom in each molecule? a) CH3 CH N CH3 Answers: sp3 a) CH3 sp3 O b) CH3 C C C H sp2 sp2 sp3 CH N CH3 sp sp O C C C H sp2 sp2 b) CH3 sp3 sp c) CH3BeCH3 c) CH3BeCH3 sp3 d) BH4 d) BH4 (6. 0) 2. Which compound in each of the following pairs would have the higher boiling point? Explain a reason for your answer. a) CH3CH2CH2OH or CH3CH2OCH3 Alcohol, because of hydrogen bonding b) or O Ketone, because of dipole-dipole intractions c) N H or N CH3 Primary amine, because of hydrogen bonding 4 (8. 0) III 1. a) Draw structures of three alkyl bromide with the formula C4H9Br b) Classify each as to whether it is primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl bromide. CH3CH2CH2 CH2Br primary CH3 CH3CH2 CHBr CH3 CH3 C Br tertiary CH3 (6. 0) 2. Write a condensed structural formula for each of the following compound. O seconday a) O (CH3)2CHCOCH(CH3)2 or (CH3)2CH C CH(CH3)3 b) NH CH3 CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2NHCH2CH3 or CH3CH2 H CHCH2NCH2CH3 OH OH CH2 CH2 CH CH CH CH CH3 c) 5 (15. 0) IV 1. Draw a structure for compounds that meet the following descriptions. a) Two amines with the formula C3H9N CH3CH2CH2NH2 and CH3NHCH2CH3 and Many other possibilities. b) Two ketones with the formula C5H10O O CH3CH2 and O CH2CH3 CH3 C CH2CH2CH3 C Many other possibilities. c) Two ethers with the formulas C4H8O O O and Many other possibilities. d) Draw bond-line structures of two cyclic compounds with molecular formula C4H8. e) Draw an isomer of CH3CH2CH2CH2C N CH3 CH3CHCH2C N with the same functional group. and one more possibility 6 (10. 0) V. What is the relationship between the members of the following pairs? That is, are they Stereoisomers, constitutional isomers, the same, or resonance structure. Explain the reason for your choice. CH3 CH a) CH2 CHCH2CH3 and H2C CH2 Answer: constitutional isomers same molecular formula, but different connectivity of atoms). b) NH2 and NH2 Answer: Resonance structures- (same connectivity of atoms, but different distribution of electrons. CH3 c) CH3 C CH3 CH3 Answer: different drawing of the same molecule , same Molecular formula or (CH3)3C CH3 d) H H3C C C CH3 H and H3C H C C CH3 H Answer: stereoisomers (cis-trans isomers) different location of atoms in space, but same molecular formula. 7 Periodic Table of the Elements 1 1 18 2 H 1. 00794 3 2 4 13 5 14 6 15 7 16 8 17 9 He 4. 002602 10 Li 6. 941 11 Be 9. 012182 12 B 10. 811 13 C 12. 0107 14 N 14. 0067 15 O S 32. 065 34 F Cl 35. 453 35 Ne Ar 39. 948 36 15. 9994 18. 9984032 20. 1797 16 17 18 Na 22. 989770 Mg 24. 3050 20 3 21 4 22 5 23 6 24 7 25 8 26 9 27 10 28 11 29 12 30 Al Sc 44. 95591 39 Si Ge 72. 64 50 P As 74. 92160 51 19 26. 981538 28. 0855 30. 973761 31 32 33 K 39. 0983 37 Ca 40. 078 38 Ti 47. 867 40 V 50. 9415 41 Cr Mo 95. 94 74 Mn Tc [97. 9072] 75 Fe 55. 845 44 Co 58. 9332 45 Ni 58. 6934 46 Cu 63. 546 47 Zn 65. 39 48 Ga 69. 723 49 Se 78. 96 52 Br 79. 904 53 Kr 83. 80 54 51. 9961 54. 938049 42 43 Rb 85. 678 55 Sr 87. 62 56 Y 88. 90585 57 Zr 91. 224 72 Nb 92. 90638 73 Ru 101. 07 76 Rh 102. 9055 77 Pd 106. 42 78 Ag 107. 8682 79 Cd 112. 411 80 In 114. 818 81 Sn 118. 71 82 Sb 121. 76 83 Te 127. 60 84 I At Xe Rn 126. 90447 131. 293 85 86 Cs Fr Ba Ra La * 138. 9055 89 Hf 178. 49 104 Ta 180. 9479 105 W 183. 84 106 Re 186. 207 107 Os 190. 23 108 Ir 192. 217 109 Pt Ds [281] 64 Au Rg [272] 65 Hg 200. 59 112 Tl 204. 3833 113 Pb 207. 2 114 Bi Po 132. 90545 137. 327 87 88 195. 078 196. 96655 110 111 208. 98038 [208. 9824] [209. 9871] [222. 0176] 115 116 117 118 Ac** Rf 58 Db 59 Sg 60 Bh 61 Hs [277] 62 Mt [268. 1388] 63 Uub [285] 66 Uut [285] 67 Uuq Uup Uuh [289] 68 [288] 69 [289] 70 71 [223. 0197] [226. 0254] [227. 0277] [261. 1088] [262. 1141] [266. 1219] [264. 12] * Ce ** Th Pr Pa Nd 144. 24 92 Pm [144. 9127] 93 Sm 150. 36 94 Eu 151. 964 95 Gd 157. 25 96 Tb 158. 92534 97 Dy 162. 50 98 Ho Es Er Fm Tm Md Yb 173. 04 102 Lu 174. 967 103 140. 116 140. 90765 90 91 164. 93032 167. 259 168. 93421 99 100 101 U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf No Lr 232. 0381 231. 03588 238. 02891 [237. 0482] [244. 0642] [243. 0614] [247. 0704] [247. 0703] [251. 0796] [252. 0830] [257. 0951] [258. 0984] [259. 1010] [262. 1097]

Art Mediums Collage Making, Charcoal Drawing, Acrylic Painting and Research Paper

Art Mediums Collage Making, Charcoal Drawing, Acrylic Painting and Water Color Painting - Research Paper Example The paper "Art Mediums Collage Making, Charcoal Drawing, Acrylic Painting and Water Color Painting" discovers the Collage Making, Charcoal Drawing, Acrylic Painting and Water Color Painting - four art mediums. Collage making involves a lot of creativity. Pieces can be put together in a number of ways to create two different types of collage; two dimensional collage, and three dimensional collage. When pieces of paper are glued on the canvas or base-board, we get a two dimensional look; this is a 2D collage. Three dimensional look or 3D collage is obtained when broken pieces of wood, glass, stones etc., are glued on a base-board or canvas. As early as 1912, some great artist such as Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, and Juan Gris were already doing some amazing collage art. Just like any other form of art, collage is not difficult once you understand the technique and theme, it only becomes complex or simpler depending on what one as an artist is trying to achieve. Below are some sample collage artwork by some famous contemporary artists of the 20th century. Charcoal is undisputedly one of the oldest art materials so is charcoal drawing. Our ancestors used charcoal to draw on cave walls. Charcoal is very easy to manufacture and thus it is an essential artistic tool. Since it is made from selected woods in little or no oxygen conditions, charcoal as an artistic material is stable over a long period of time. However, charcoal has less color saturation when compared to other artistic materials. which have greater saturation but do not last long (Goldman 71). One major disadvantage of using is its dusting-off tendency. Despite this, charcoal drawing as an artistic medium is superb. The sensitivity and spontaneity of using charcoal as a drawing medium gives charcoal drawing an edge above the other drawing media (Fitzgerald 55-63). With charcoal drawing, very painterly drawings, as if done using a brush can be made. Charcoal drawing is so responsive, direct, and fast and is considered to be a less inhibiting medium. Charcoal drawing can produce both fluid and bold lines with greater host of textures as well as fine gradations for shadings. Several drawing techniques such as gestural drawing, contour drawing, and volume drawing can be used with charcoal. The soft nature of charcoal gives an artist a painterly feel. Charcoal is the only drawing medium which gives an artist the ability to imitate Chinese ink brush painting. This is because it is easy for an artist to imitate the contour lines o a Chinese painting in charcoal. With charcoal drawing, an artist is able to gesture without doing big shapes and getting down into detail. Just as many other drawing media, charcoal strongly responds to grain of the paper it is used on. Acrylic painting This painting medium is one of the newest. It was introduced as recent as 1955. Since its introduction, acrylic paintings have come a long way and now there is a wide-range of paints. Acrylic painting is a paint ing technique that offers both experienced and new artist a very flexible painting method. It is a water-based painting medium. The consistency and the usual texture of acrylic paintings is some-what similar to that of oil-paints. However, acrylics are available in a variety of densities unlike oils. They range from ink-like, very thin consistency that can be used in air brushes to various flow degree. This enables an artist to achieve 3Dlike effects (impasto). This

Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 12

Anthropology - Essay Example The middle class was able to support the growth of the cities. As such, industrialization is a required prerequisite for ensuring the growth of Mega Urban Region (MUR). When we consider the rate of growth of the cities, it becomes evident that Shanghai and Ho Chi Minh City experienced the highest growth rates, which do not seem to reduce in the future. The analysis of the two cities reveals that they have a highly dynamic inner zone. The area experienced the highest growth rate in terms of employment opportunities and population. The dynamism and development of the inner zone become driven by both the de-congestion process of the urban residential and production functions emanating from the core of the cities. As such, the inner zones have a higher chance for advancement, which may mean that the Shanghai MUR may continue with its expansion. When encouraging the growth of the Mega Urban Regions, I believe that the people should relocate businesses and people out of the core. Such a move will also encourage the development of the rural areas in the periphery of the cities, leading to further

Write an analytical business report on what ethical consumerism means Coursework

Write an analytical business report on what ethical consumerism means for businesses (CO-OPERATIVE BANK) - Coursework Example The ethical consumerism concept is characterised by customers’ patronising products that are sold by society-friendly companies (Berman, 2011). The same concept includes the customers’ buying services that are sold by environment-friendly. Likewise, the concept emphasises shying away from products that wreak damage or unfavourable effects on the environment or on society (Langen, 2012). For example, the ethical customers must avoid lead-tainted canned food products. Lead contaminates the canned products. The contaminated canned products may trigger unhealthy effects on the uninformed current and future customers (Bertagni et al., 2010). Further, ethical consumerism is grounded on morality (Devinney et al., 2010). Morality is the object of ethical standards. Consequently, ethical consumerism can be described as consumers incorporating their own ethical standards in the purchasing or using of certain products or services. For example, companies should not intentionally sell defective products to customers. The consumers include both the current and future customers of the companies. Ethical consumerism may include the implementation of fair trade processes. Fair trade is synonymous with the laissez faire economy. Under this type of economy, all entities and individuals can freely join their chosen market segments. All competitors in the same market segment are given equal opportunities. Policies that favor one entity or group should be prevented. Furthermore, equal opportunities include equal possibilities to be the top net profit performer in the same market segment. Equal opportunities may include giving all entities the same sustainability chances. All entities and individuals are given the same chances to achieve one’s prescribed goals, objectives, missions, visions, and other previously defined targets (Guido, 2009). Consequently, the ethical consumers act responsibly in their use or purchase

Challenges in Lobbying strategies Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Challenges in Lobbying strategies - Coursework Example One may wonder where to start. It is imperative to first know the policy maker before meeting him or her. This would involve identifying his or her interest in the policy issue and the connection to the topic of interest (Mason et al., 2011). His or her webpage would offer more insights on this. Additionally, in order to create interpersonal relationship with the policymaker, it is advisable to be ready with a brief and easy to understand message about the state of the current child obesity policies within the state. Since the elected officials often meet their constituents, it is imperative to make a long-lasting impression by getting the policy maker understand child obesity and how it has become a health concern among the people (Bailey et al., 2007). It is through this engagement that creates interpersonal relationships and allows the policy maker to understand the issue at hand. It is also essential to have facts ready in order to use them as the terms of reference. Policy makers like real life examples and references. The best approach to communicate to a policy maker would be enlightening him or her of the prevalence of child obesity in his state or region and how soon this may get out of hand (Bailey et al., 2007). Giving simple statistics about the effects of such an issue would offer a starting point and would engage the policy maker more. Therefore, since effective communication is vested on interpersonal relations, the best approach when communicating to a policy maker on childhood obesity would center on first understanding the law maker and creating personal

Ethnomusicology: Developments of Māori Music

Ethnomusicology: Developments of MÄ ori Music Music in Context A: Ethnomusicology Discuss some of the more recent social, cultural and technological developments that have informed studies in ethnomusicology Introduction For this essay I will be focusing on the MÄ ori people of New Zealand, and looking at the changes and developments in both their traditional music and that of their modern popular culture, much of which is adopted from American and European sources. I will include the work of several ethnomusicologists who have experience in the areas of MÄ ori music, modern New Zealand popular culture, and American rap music and its sphere of influence. The MÄ ori people Have had their own traditional songs since they first inhabited New Zealand. However, there have been changes to the cultural situation of the music and how it is received by both the white public and MÄ ori youth. In this essay I will focus on three points, the transcendence of MÄ ori traditional music, the changes made as a reaction to this and the influence of other modern genres and styles, specifically American rap, to discuss these changes and how they have informed ethnomusicology either positively or negatively. In doing so I hope to show that a vibrant musical continuum is working in New Zealand youth culture, informed by both their traditions and outside influences, and yet is making original new music because of this. Song loss and researching traditional music The MÄ ori have inhabited New Zealand since the 14th century when they arrived from other Pacific islands seeking new lands to migrate to and cultivate. It is hard for an ethnomusicologist to find or have found any songs surviving from the earliest parts of MÄ ori history, for several reasons. Firstly, as many MÄ ori songs are to do with traditions and practices, when those traditions or practices become obsolete or go out of use, then the songs will be lost with them.For example, when canoes started to be replaced with sail ships, all songs about canoeing were either lost, or modified to talk about sail ships instead. Secondly, because of superstitious beliefs, many songs have restricted performances, where only certain members of the tribe or community are allowed to attend and listen or join in. This also limits the number of MÄ ori who will learn theses songs, as they are taught purely by oral tradition. The teaching itself is a point of interest, as traditionally the folk songs of MÄ ori are taught in a very strict sense,as they are not meant to change organically or be re-interpreted, apart from if the community as a whole learns a new version in line with a new meaning, as with the canoe/sail ship example above. In most cases, the songs will be passed down through generations, preserved as accurately as possible, which would in fact make it easy for an ethnomusicologist to discover these antiques of folk song. However, these traditions were cut abruptly short by the intervention of European missionaries. The missionaries were accepted to a degree by MÄ ori curiosity, and arrived decades before the treaty of Waitangi in 1840,which signified the taking of New Zealand by the English under queen Victoria and the official surrender of the MÄ ori as a people (though conflict did continue for years). These missionaries took it upon themselves to educate the seemingly primitive MÄ ori tribes in every aspect of Christian and European ideals. This included their music, as the Europeans found their traditional folk chants ‘idolatrous, ‘indecent and even ‘lascivious.The missionaries set about their task quickly, so much so that by 1830, a letter sent from a missionary to his brother-in-law at home in England read; Quietness and good order has succeeded to their native wildness; we never hear anything of their songs or dances. In place of their traditional music, the missionaries taught them hymns and church music. In doing so, they also taught the rudiments of western music theory, which they encouraged the MÄ ori to adopt as their new musical language. This meant that many new MÄ ori songs were created, using traditional words and stories, but with diatonic harmonies that made them listenable and distinguishable to a European ear.Though this was widely acknowledged and followed through to the MÄ oris own teaching, some traditional songs were kept hidden and secreted in both MÄ ori text collections and those of curious westerners. One such was John McGregor, a guard of captured MÄ ori warriors held in a beached hulk at Auckland harbour. John ‘collected and later published a large number of songs written down by the captives.He could be said to have been one of the first to research and record MÄ ori traditional music, yet this white interest in the music did not start to reappear until t he twentieth century. This change occurred on a grand scale over the next century, and to this day MÄ ori music is seen as synonymous with hymns and European-based melodies. This view has been widely held by the white general public for all of the twentieth century, though many MÄ ori know it not to be entirely accurate. Ethnomusicologist Mervyn Mclean stated that among the public at large, however, such songs are a mostly hidden tradition.A revival of the MÄ ori culture began in the 1960s, dubbed the MÄ ori renaissance,and with it came both the technology and the motivation to record and preserve the traditional songs that were left among the populace. This made the job of collecting and studying MÄ ori music a lot easier for ethnomusicologists, as up until this utilisation of new recording technology, they had been hard pressed to source singers and songs out. Mclean mentions that ‘preparations for fieldwork took an inordinate amount of timein the late 1950s, and mentions that without th e huge advantage of meeting several willing MÄ ori Elders I would not have had the resources to survive in the field. Changes and modern learning The traditional MÄ ori song forms, as well as being non-diatonic as previously stated, were in fact completely incompatible with western tonal language. Though the melodies sung could be transcribed into musical notation, they were not in a fixed time signature or particular key as we would understand it. The lack of harmonic movement mystified witnesses to performances in the nineteenth century, as the MÄ ori music relied more on repetition, both rhythmic and harmonic, and different performance approaches by different singers, for the colour and variety in their music.

Essay --

Philosophy is derived from Ancient Greek as â€Å"philosophia† which means â€Å"love of wisdom† (Liddell). In Western Philosophy, there are two predominant schools of ethical thought and these are: categorical moral imperative and consequentialism. In this essay, some background descriptions on each theory are provided, and I will provide justifications for using categorical moral imperatives. The categorical imperative is one of the central philosophical concepts that were developed by philosopher Immanuel Kant. Kant moral philosophy is deontological; it rests on the notion of duty or obligation from the Greek word ‘Deon’ (Kant, Immanuel). Kant formulated the categorical imperative in three different ways: The first universal law formulation â€Å"Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that is should become universal law†. (Kant, Immanuel) In other words, any moral law or maxim you choose to adopt, it has to have rational sense to be implemented for everyone else to adopt is as well. If so, then this moral law can guide whatever course of action is open to you. The second humanity or end of itself formulation â€Å"Act in such a way that you always treat humanity whether in your own person or in the person of any other never merely as a means but always at the same time as end† (Kant, Immanuel) In other words, this al most follows the golden rule treat people with respect, so that they can treat you with the same courtesy. Moreover, treat thyself with the same respect as you would treat others. The third kingdom of ends formulation â€Å"Therefore, every rational being must so act as if he were through his maxim always a legislating member in the universal kingdom of ends.†(Kant, Immanuel) In other words, we should treat eac... ...s a life at stake. Going back to the example, I can also argue that is not necessary for the person at the house to tell the stranger where the family relative is. It is true that he is not allowed to lie, but he can also choose to stay quiet. If he doesn’t say anything he has neither lied nor told the truth to the murderer. Kant’s categorical imperative can provide a set of rules to formulate what a good person is and should do. Kantian philosophy is deontological and it requires people to always do their duty. Kant does not forbid feeling good or happiness, but it must be the case that each person can fulfill their duty even if they did not enjoy doing it. In summary, in order to determine whether or not a particular act is good or bad, morally speaking, we must apply the categorical imperative and I have provide justifications to use it in our daily day lives.

Opsec

What is OPSEC and Why Do We Have It What is OPSEC? It’s a process of protecting little pieces of information that might grouped together to give the bigger picture. It is also protecting critical information deemed mission essential for military commanders. It is simply denying your adversary the information that they might need to harm you or the mission. The AR that covers OPSEC is AR 530-1 and goes over purposes, responsibilities, policy, procedures, training requirements, OPSEC review, assessment, survey, contract and subcontract requirements and special access programs.The reasons why we have OPSEC is because any vital information that the enemy can get their hands on can give them an advantage on the battle field or operations. Those little pieces of information could show the enemy the full picture of what it is that we plan to execute. Most don’t know what is considered vital information. Think about it, what would you like to know about your enemy and how to in filtrate, interfere or stop their objective. How about where you are going, when you are going, how are you moving, what equipment that you will be using and even what paths have you taken before.Even your unit’s job association can be a part of the information they can gather on. Certain identifying marks such as your unit patch, or any other unit/ battalion identifiers can even give information. For instance the enemy is looking at the patch and can look up through Google and find out what unit you are with and keep open eyes and ears to see if they can get any information on what your purpose is and where you will be. Even taking pictures in certain places can give the enemy a layout of an area.It’s not wise to take pictures of equipment, it would not be hard with the information highway to find out all they need to know about certain functions of our equipment and their weak spots as well. In this day in age we have the social media network that can also help the e nemy track and get information. How OPSEC affects family and social networking We all have friends and family that want to know what you are doing but there are only so many things that you can tell them without violating OPSEC.You are not the only one who needs to understand why there is OPSEC, your family needs to understand its importance as well. Any information you give them and they put out there can affect you and them. The military offers family members who are curious about OPSEC classes and briefs at the FRG meetings. They go over what it stands for and why it’s so important in the military. There are also links on the internet that explain and answers a lot of questions they may have.There is also a Facebook page that family members can go on, it’s called Army Operation Security. Your family has to understand that there is only so much you can tell them and even what you do tell them they don’t need to be telling others or posting it on Facebook. With out thinking they could accidently put the information out without knowing if the person they told is the enemy or a spy. You know what they say keep your friends close and keep your enemies closer.The enemy thinks the same way and will do whatever it takes to get the information they need to plan and infiltrate our operations. Families are the biggest target for our enemies to infiltrate and get information. One more important thing to think about is the enemy could be anyone, American or even your family you never know. There are many reasons why we have OPSEC but not taking the proper measures can result in serious injury or death to personnel, damage to weapons systems, equipment and facilities, loss of sensitive technologies and mission failure.The process of OPSEC There is a process to OPSEC as well the subjects that are covered are identification of critical information, analysis of threats, analysis of vulnerabilities, assessment of risk, an application of appropriate OPSEC measures and assessment of insider knowledge. Identification of critical information is the process of identifying what information is needed by the enemy, not so much protecting everything that is classified or sensitive unclassified, but protecting what is more vital and would be more useful to the enemy.Analysis of threats is the research and analysis of intelligence, counterintelligence and open source information on the likely enemies of a planned operation. Analysis of vulnerabilities is to examine each and every aspect of the planned operation and try to identify certain OPSEC indicators that could reveal critical information and then compare those indicators with the enemy intelligence collection capabilities used in the previous actions that they have taken in the past.Assessment of risk is where they first analyze the vulnerabilities identified in the previous action and see what OPSEC measures can be taken to prevent the opportunity of the enemy getting information, and t hen those measures are selected for execution based upon a risk assessment done by the commander and staff. Application of appropriate OPSEC measures is when the command implements the OPSEC measures selected in the assessment of risk, action, or in the case of planned future operations and activities, which includes the measures in specific OPSEC plans.Assessment of Insider Knowledge is assessing and ensuring employees, contractors, and key personnel having access to critical or sensitive information practice and maintain proper OPSEC measures by organizational security elements; whether by Open Assessment or Covert Assessment in order to evaluate the information being processed and / or handled on all levels of operation ability (the employees/mid-level/senior management) and prevent unintended/intentional disclosure. These are all important steps that are taken to implement those measures to use as soldiers.All this information that they gather and analyze gives us the understand ing of what the enemy is looking, what they have done in the past and what they may plan in the future. We have briefs annually that go over such information that they gather and the measure to prevent them from happening again. We even sign a nondisclosure agreement after we are briefed on what we are not supposed to do when we have information that is mission critical. Basically they go over the does and don’ts in this brief and we are bound in contract not to disclose any of this information to whom it doesn’t concern.Later in this essay, you will know the consequences to violating the nondisclosure agreement. Indicators and Vulnerabilities There are other forms of analyzing ways that the enemy would get information and create weak spots in our operations or mission tasks, they are Indicators and Vulnerabilities. Indicators, consists of five characteristics which are signatures, associations, profiles, contrasts and exposures. A signature can cause certain indicator s to be identifiable and stand out.If a signature is unique and stable, it reduces the unclear and uncertainty of a particular indicator and reduces the number of additional indicators that must be observed in order to determine the significance. If the indicator’s signature is stable, meaning that the behavior is constant and repeated, an adversary may accurately predict future actions. By varying the pattern of behavior, the signature’s stability can be interrupted and increase the uncertain information of an enemies observations. An association is the relationship that an indicator has to other information or activities.Adversarial Intelligence Analysts spend a considerable amount of time comparing current observations with past observations, which may reveal possible relationships. For example, an observer may note a particular employee report to work after hours. Though previous observation, the Analyst is aware of that employee’s position as an on-call com puter forensics analyst. Given the association between those two observations, the Adversarial Intelligence Analyst could conclude that the organization has suffered a computer breach of some sort.An association can also take the form of a pattern. For instance, if it is observed that we do a test fire on our weapons before rolling out the gate to go on mission, an analyst may be able to accurately predict these procedures. Lastly, an association can take the form of organizational patterns, particularly in military units. The analyst may be aware that a particular unit is comprised of Headquarters Company, a maintenance company and a transportation company.If one of these elements is detected, the presence of the others would be strongly suspected. A profile is the sum of multiple signatures, and what that means is when multiple signatures are detected, the combination therein would be more or less unique to a particular mission or task. For instance, if signatures are detected tha t indicate that aircraft fueling capacities are in place, as well as air traffic control, personnel and weaponry, a profile can be compiled indicating future air-based operations.If a unique profile is observed, an analyst may be able to accurately determine which type of operation is in progress, minimizing the need for additional observation and analysis. Contrasts are any differences between the established pattern and current observations. Contrasts are the most reliable indicators because they depend on differences in established and repeated profiles, and need only to be observed rather than understood. A contrast can take many forms; for instance leaving work at a different time or the presence of vehicles or aircraft that were not previously observed.When noting a difference, the analyst will attempt to determine if the change is isolated or widespread, if the change has occurred previously (and has a matching association), if anything significant has occurred since the chan ge and what the change may represent. The exposure of an indicator refers to the length of time and the time frame in which the indicator is observed. If an indicator is allowed to be observed for a long period of time, it will be assimilated into the profile and be assigned a meaning. If an indicator is able to be observed for only a short period of time and does not repeat, it is less likely to attract attention.However, if the indicator is observed for short periods of time, but is repeated frequently, it will begin to be seen as a contrast to a normal profile. These can be found on OPSEC professionals. com. Vulnerabilities, is the information and indicators that can weak spots to infiltrate and disrupt the mission plans or operation. Finding and preventing the vulnerabilities can reduce the affect that it may have on missions and operations that are planned and executed. For instance, your path that you take to a given destinations, and the terrain were they could plant IED†™s.If someone was to give out information as to where the mission was going and when, it could give the enemy the time to organize a plan of attack on that convoy or mission of operation. Convoy and Equipment security Convoy security is a very important part of our job and there are techniques that we have in the way we pull security and make ourselves less known to the enemy as well. For example, when we have to halt the convoy for complications that arise, we will turn off our lights to make ourselves less know. We also, put spaces between us to eliminate more damage in the event that we are hit with either small arms fire or an IED.Identifying marks on the vehicle is not permitted because it can be traced and monitored by the enemy and observe and predict the way we move and how we operate. These techniques that we have shouldn’t be spoken to anyone as well. If the enemy was to know this information it would give us an even more disadvantage in completing our mission. Ev en the classes that we take like (Crow, Puma, Crew, etc. ) should not be shared information, the enemy would love nothing more that to understand our equipment and the way it works.They will try to find the weakness in anything that we use to plan, secure, and complete our missions and tasks. Radio frequencies are another very important part of information that could be very valuable to the enemy. With that information they could pretty much get just about anything that they would possible need to know to infiltrate us, harm us, equipment and the very mission itself. All this information and more is vital to our very purpose here and simply if the person to whom at anytime you are speaking with or if there are others around and they do not need to know don’t say anything.One other thing that is important to remember there are a lot of DOD contractors around that know and understand about OPSEC, and they are listening around you and will report this information that they hear. Even our battle drills we go over on how we respond and operate under certain conditions can be considered valuable information to the enemy, and something they could use against us. How to Conduct an Operations Security (OPSEC) Assessment OPSEC Assessments are conducted to evaluate an adversary's or competitor's ability to access your critical information, intellectual property, proprietary information or personal information.OPSEC Assessments directly benefit anyone desiring to protect information or assets from disclosure. Operations Security (OPSEC) Assessments enable insight to your predictable indicators, exploitable processes and procedures while presenting specific measures to counter potential vulnerabilities. Assessments can be conducted by internal representatives from each department or can be performed by external experts and typically run from 1-3 weeks.Step 1: Identify information critically important to the organization, mission, project or home [intellectual proper ty, mission details, plans, R&D, capabilities, degradations, key personnel deployment data, medical records, contracts, network schematics, etc. ] Step 2: Identify the relevant adversaries, competitors or criminals with both intent and capability to acquire your critical information. Step 3: From the adversary's, competitors, or thief's perspective, identify potential vulnerabilities and means to gains access to results of step 1. Interview a representative sample of individual.Step 4: Assess the risk of each vulnerability by its respective impact to mission accomplishment / performance if obtained Step 5: Generate / recommend specific measures that counter identified vulnerabilities. Prioritize and enact relevant protection measures. Step 6: Evaluate measure effectiveness, adjust accordingly. This was reference at http://www. wikihow. com/Conduct-an-Operations-Security-%28Opsec%29-Assessment There are many tips when conducting a Operations Security (OPSEC) Assessment here are a cou ple. Don’t try to perform all analysis on your own, obtain threat data from the experts.The cost of OPSEC money wise would be prohibitive to attempt to protect information that is already accessible to the public so focus on what you can protect than what is already publicly accessible. Even though 100% awareness of OPSEC is realistic, zero vulnerabilities are not. Your critical information list should not be secret and inconspicuously posted near PC monitors, phones, copiers, etc. You should keep your list to about ten items. Those aware of what to protect have a better chance of protecting sensitive information as opposed to those unaware of its value is a general rule.Regular assessments ensure your best protection. OPSEC often provides low cost solutions to high tech problems. Instead of a long drawn-out report on observations, findings and proposed counter measures can be formatted in a presentation template. To mitigate vulnerabilities you should include a plan of actio ns and milestones (POA&M) in the brief to decision makers. Consequences to violating OPSEC There are many consequences to violating the nondisclosure statement that all soldiers, NCO’s and Officers are obligated to adhere and follow. This is a direct order from your chain of command.This statement informs you of the obligations and responsibilities concerning OPSEC procedures and consequences that will occur if violating this statement. OPSEC involves vital and important information on mission operations. This includes dates, times, cargo, number of personnel and vehicles, even the rout and destinations of missions. Violations of OPSEC can happen many different ways especially with current technology. Cellular phones are the easiest and most convenient method of use getting and giving information. However, another method would be the internet.People who make random posts on facebook or other forms of social media pages or write blogs about things they do in combat areas revea l types of information without realizing what they have done. Revealing this type of information, whether it was intentional or not can have severe consequences from the Military Judicial System. These consequences include UCMJ, Article 15, Military Court Martial, and separation from the military and loss of all VA benefits. Another and more substantial result of the violations is the loss of people’s lives because the enemy found this information from unsecured communication networks.The first course of punishment is an Article 15 of the UCMJ. A Soldier will receive the maximum punishment from an Article 15. Which would be 45 days extra duty, 45 days of restriction, loss of pay and reduction of rank. If the information the Soldier revealed results in the convoy getting ambushed and Soldiers die, that Soldier may have to appear before a Military Court for a Court Martial Hearing. If the Courts finds the Soldier guilty of the charges they have been accused of. This will result in a Dishonorable Separation from the Military.A Dishonorable Separation from the Military may result in future difficulties in civilian life after you are released from the Military. The main problem might be trying to attain a civilian job. When employers see a dishonorable discharge from the military service and the reasons to which you obtained this action. They will be less likely to employ such a person who they can’t trust in. Along with the dishonorable discharge, you will loss all benefits and entitlements. The Bureau of Veteran affairs will also give soldiers loans to buy a house or brand new vehicle.This will also be taken from, because due to the soldier’s indiscretion to reveal vital information and risk the lives of their fellow comrades. References Operation Security on Wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Operations_security Operation Security AR 530-1: www. fas. org/irp/doddir/army/ar530-1. pdf OPSEC Indicators: www. opsecprofessionals. org/artic les/indicators. htm How to Conduct an Operations Security (Opsec) Assessment: http://www. wikihow. com/Conduct-an-Operations-Security-%28Opsec%29-Assessment